Politeness Strategies Used by Indonesian Chatters in Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

 Ima Khalimatus Sa’diyah

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find out politeness strategies used by Indonesian chatters in the discourse of online environment specifically in IRC channels. This study investigates three downloaded data of written conversations or messages in the IRC. The data were collected by logging in into an IRC channel, which is #Caféislam, for approximately two hours and then copying the conversations or messages written by the Indonesian chatters in the channel into the computer hard disk. The written conversations or messages that are taken as data are only the one containing face-threatening act (FTA). The data are analyzed using Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness strategy (1987). Based on Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness strategy (1987), the politeness strategies used in chat conversations to reduce the FTA are grouped into four main strategies: Bald on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off-the-Record. The results of the analysis show that bald on record strategy is most widely used by Indonesian chatters in IRC. It may happen due to the setting of the conversation that is the cyber world where the people communicate there may not really know each other and they may never meet in the ‘real’ world. It can be said that there is almost no boundary for everyone to say what they want to say.

 
Keywords: Internet Relay Chat (IRC), chatting in IRC, Indonesian chatters, politeness strategies, face-threatening act.

Najmah Soraya Wahdani

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find out the use of code switching and code mixing in the novel Macarin Anjing by Christian Simamora. This study investigates the types of code switching and code mixing which occur in the dialogues spoken by the characters, the reasons why the characters switch or mix their dialogues, and the context of code switching and code mixing in the dialogues. The data are collected by writing the dialogues containing code mixing and code switching in a field note and then marking the mixed words or switched phrases or sentences in the dialogues. The data are analyzed using Hoffman’s theory of types and reasons of code switching and code mixing. In addition, Saville-Troike’s theory of reasons of code switching and code mixing is also used in this study. The results show that most characters use Intra-sentential switching in their conversation because there are many of English terms that are familiar to them so that they can use in their sentences easily. The results also show that most characters switch or mix their dialogues because of expressing their group identity.

Key words: Code Switching, Code Mixing, Novel, Macarin Anjing

Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (Studi Kasus Di SMAN 1 Kepanjen Malang)

Oleh: Wiwik Ida Kurotul Aini

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan “Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa”. Peranan guru sebagai manajer dalam kegiatan belajar di kelas sudah lama diakui sebagai salah satu faktor yang penting dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Guru sebagai tenaga profesional, dituntut tidak hanya mampu mengelola pembelajaran saja tetapi juga harus mampu mengelola kelas, yaitu menciptakan dan mempertahankan kondisi belajar yang optimal bagi tercapainya tujuan pengajaran. Oleh karena itu sejalan dengan upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan mutu di semua jenjang pendidikan, penerapan strategi pengelolaan kelas dalam pembelajaran merupakan salah satu alternatif yang diyakini dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan persoalan yang mendasar dari permasalahan pendidikan di tanah air.

Kata Kunci: strategi pengelolaan kelas, prestasi belajar, siswa