Pada analisis statistik dua variabel nominal (melanjutkan dari dua variabel interval ), maka  jenis ini dibedakan menjadi dua dengan kata kunci “Are the variables both two-point scales”. Jadi jika skripsi, tesis atau disertasi termasuk dalam kategori penelitian dua variabel. Maka anda bisa menjadi pertanyaan tersebut dengan jawaban ‘ya’ atau ‘tidak’.

I.  Jika Jawabannya “YA”

Maka langkah selanjut dalam pemilihan analisis untuk skripsi, tesis, atau disertasi adalah symmetry atau covariation.

Symmetry

Sumber :

Siegel, S. Nonparametric Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956. 

Covariation

Jika menggunakan phi:

Spss      : Crosstabs

Sas       : Freq

Jika menggunakan Critical ratio of phi:

SPSS      : CROSSTABS

SAS        : FREQ

Jika menggunakan Fisher's exact test:

SPSS      : CROSSTABS

Jika menggunakan Pearson chi square:

SPSS      : CROSSTABS

SAS        : FREQ

Yule, G. V., and Kendall, M. G. An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics Fourteenth edition. London: Griffin, 1957.

McNemar, Q. Psychological Statistics. Fourth edition. New York: Wiley 1969.

Siegel, S. Nonparametric Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.

Hays, W. L. Statistics for the Social Sciences. Second edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973.

Pada bagian ini dipecah lagi menjadi dua bagian dengan fokus pada “Adakah perbedaan diantara variabel dependen dengan variabel independen?”

1.      Ada Perbedaan

•       . Number in Each Category

Sumber :

Blalock, H. M., Jr. Social Statistics. Second edition, revised, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.

Goodman, L. A., and Kruskal, W. H. Measures of association for cross classification IV: simplification of asymptotic variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association 67 (1972)

·        Number in Modal Categories

Sumber :

Hays, W. L. Statistics for the Social Sciences. Second edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973. Goodman, L. A., and Kruskal, W. H. Measures of association for cross classifications 111: approximate sampling theory. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58 (1963)

2.      Tidak Ada Perbedaan

·        Agreement

-         Ada penalty jika variabel tidak berdistribusi sama

Sumber:

Krippendorf, K. Bivariate agreement coefficients for reliability of data. In Sociological Methodology: 1970, edited by E. F. Borgatta and G. W. Bohrnstedt. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1970.

-         Tidak ada penalty jika variabel tidak berdistribusi sama

Sumber:

Cohen, J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20 (1960):; Cohen, J. Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychological Bulletin 70 (1968)

Cohen, J.; and Everitt, B. S. Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychological Bulletin 72 (1969)

·        Symmetry

Sumber:

Bowker, A. H., A test for symmetry in contingency tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 43 (1948)

·        Covariation

-         Number in Each Category

(a)    With a statistic whose upper limit varies with the number of categories and whose upper limit may be less than one

Sumber:

Hays, W. L. Statistics for the Social Sciences. Second edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973.

(b)   With no statistic whose upper limit varies with the number of categories and whose upper limit may be less than one

Sumber:

Hays, W. L. Statistics for the Social Sciences. Second edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973. (Hays called it Cramer's statistic); Srikantan, K. S. Canonical association between nominal measurements. Journal of the American Statistical Association 65 (1970).

-         Number in Modal Category

Sumber:

Symmetric lambda: Hays, W. L. Statistics for the Social Sciences. Second edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973.

Critical ratio: Goodman, L. A., and Kruskal, W. H. Measures of association for cross classifications III: approximate sampling theory. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58 (1963)

Catatan:

Seperti biasa, silakan berkonsultasi dengan dosen pembimbing skripsi saudara. Lebih baik jika Anda mempersiapkan proses bimbingan skripsi dengan melakukan pencarian di internet mengenai hal terkait. (membaca sumber yang dicantumkan).