online education research, skripsi, tesis, disertasi, penelitian,action research, statistical, sampling, research proposal, qualitative research,quantitative research,sampling methods

Technique of Collecting Data

In classroom action research, the most popular ways to collect data are questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documents (Schmuck, 1997: 52). In this study, the researcher used the document collection technique to collect the data. Freeman (1998: 93) defines document collections as sets of documents relevant to the research context, e.g. course overviews, lesson plans, students’ writings, classroom materials/texts, students’ profiles. The data in this study were students’ writings.

In cycle 1, the researcher assigned the students to write two recount texts about their picnic. The topic was the same, yet the readers of every text were different. The readers of the first text were brothers or sisters (familiar audiences), while the headmaster of X (other audience) was chosen as the reader of the second text.

Similar to the previous cycle, in cycle 2, the researcher assigned the students to write to two different readers. They were to write two announcements. The first announcement was for classmates or schoolmates (familiar audiences), while the second announcement was for teachers of X (other audiences). In line with the kinds of reader of the announcements, the topic of the announcements was school environment.

In conclusion, in order to collect data in the form of students’ writings in every cycle, the researcher assigned every student to write two writings with the same topic to two different readers. One was for readers to whom the students are relatively close (familiar audiences), while the other was for other audiences.