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    Wiki (2007) stated that medium of instruction means the language used by teacher to teach. It may or may not be the official language of the territory (e.g. Bahasa Indonesia in Indonesia or English in Indonesia). English has assumed its place as the language of communication in the new linguistic global order. English is used in science, business, technology, and other domains. Nowadays, English is being applied in the curriculum as a medium of instruction in wide variety countries, from pre-school to higher education.

No language or rules, in the sense of morphological difficulty, have ever been acquired or located within the brain, rather, the transition from the first to the second language involves cognitive processes of reconceptualization through social interaction (Hill 2006:821).
    Social interaction as a necessary condition for language development. Second generation cognitive grammars, in contradiction, readily acknowledge that they need a firm sociocultural basis Zuengler & Miller 2006). Usage-based approaches to language also provide an opportunity for cognitive linguists to engage with the social-interaction nature of language (Croft & Cruse 2004 in Hill 2006: 821). Therefore, within the second-generation cognitive grammar framework, exclusion of social interaction no longer holds as a standard for incommensurability (Hill 2006: 821).

There are two outstanding models cognitive perspectives of SLA: Attention-Processing Model, and Implicit and Explicit Models (Brown 2002).

Theories of second language acquisition
SLA is a subset of general human learning, involves cognitive variations, is closely related to one’s personality to one’s personality type, is interwoven with second culture learning, and involves interference, the creation of new linguistic systems, and the learning of discourse and communicative functions of language (Douglass Brown 2000). A theory of second language acquisition is a standard set of constructs which can explain and describe the acquisition process.