online education research, skripsi, tesis, disertasi, penelitian,action research, statistical, sampling, research proposal, qualitative research,quantitative research,sampling methods

J.E. Walsh developed a non-parametric test to detect multiple outliers in a data set. Although this test requires a large sample size (n>220 for a significance level a of 0.05), it may be used whenever the data are not normally distributed. Following are the instructions to perform a Walsh test for large sample sizes:

Let X₁, X₂, ... , X_n represent the data ordered from smallest to largest. If n<60, do not apply this test. If 60<n<=220, then a = 0.10. If n >220 then a = 0.05.

Step 1:	Identify the number of possible outliers, r >= 1.
Step 2:	Compute   c = ceil(),    k = r + c,    b2 = 1/a, and where ceil() indicates rounding the value to the largest possible integer (i.e., 3.21 becomes 4).
Step 3:	The r smallest points are outliers (with a a% level of significance) if Xr - (1+a)Xr+1 + aXk < 0
Step 4:	The r largest points are outliers (with a a% level of significance) if Xn+1-r - (1+a)Xn-r + aXn+1-k > 0
Step 5:	If both of the inequalities are true, then both small and large outliers are indicated.

Sumber: http://www.statistics4u.com/fundstat_eng/ee_walsh_outliertest.html