Glossary
Glossary | |
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to
professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research
somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms
that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more
common terms and concepts. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Sampling bias | Distortion that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn. |
| Sampling Error | 1. A difference, due to sampling, between a population parameter and the corresponding sample statistic. For example, the average age of a population might be 25 years, but a given sample might yield an average of 26 because, by chance, more old people were selected than the population proportion. 2. The fluctuation in the value of a statistic from different samples drawn from the same population. 3. Random or unsystematic error resulting from selecting a sample from a population. 4. the error in estimates of a population due to the variation possible in samples |
| Sampling Frame | 1. The sampling frame is a specific list of names (or other identifying codes) of the cases to be sampled. Usually, this is supposed to be the same as the population. For example, when you study IBM, you start by obtaining a list of all IBM employees. This is the sampling frame. If your list is not complete (e.g., it omits top management), your results may not be valid in the sense of generalizing to all of IBM. 2. A list of the entire population eligible to be included within the specific parameters of a research study. A researcher must have a sampling frame in order to generate a random sample. |
| Sampling Ratio | The sampling ratio is the size of the sample divided by the size of the population. |
| Scale | composite measures of variables that form a pattern logical/or empirical. Scores thus indicate a pattern not just a sum of component variables, e.g. Bogardus social distance scale. |
| Scientific laws | Generalized laws that are always true and can be used to predict future events. |
| Scientism | Knowing how to investigate without any understanding of what it is. |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
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