Glossary
Glossary | |
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to
professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research
somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms
that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more
common terms and concepts. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Spurious | a relationship that disappears completely or decreases substantially when an antecedent control variable is introduced into the analysis. |
| Standard deviation | 1. A descriptive statistic used to measure the degree of variability within a set of scores. 2. (Interval/ratio level of measurement), a standardized measure of dispersion of the data around the mean, mathematically the standard deviation is the square root of the variance and thus is standardized on the units measured and intrinsically more understandable. For example the standard deviation for the age of an adult sample could be 25 years which means that 68.2% of the population is between the mean -25 and the mean +25. If the mean is 31 then 68.2% of the population is between 6 and 56 years of age. |
| Standard error | *the standard deviation of all possible sample means that could be drawn from a population. The standard error estimates for us how much disagreement there might be between our sample mean and the population mean. |
| Statistic | 1. A statistic generally refers to a summary value calculated from a sample. For example, we might compute the average age of all respondents. The term contrasts with population parameter. 2. An estimate of a parameter calculated from a set of data gathered from a sample. 3. number value that represents a summary characteristic of a sample drawn from a population. It is a point estimate of the parameter value for the population. Statistics are usually designated by roman letters (e.g. the mean weight of a sample `X = 135lbs). |
| Statistical analysis | Most statistical analysis is based on the principle of gathering data from a sample of individuals and using those data to make inferences about the wider population from which the sample was drawn. |
| Statistical inference | 1. A procedure using the laws of probability to infer the attributes of a population based on information gathered from a sample. 2. the process of making generalizations about the population from sample data. |
| Statistical significance | 1. A term used to indicate whether the results of an analysis of data drawn from a sample are unlikely to have been cause by chance at a specified level of probability (usually 0.05 or 0.01). 2. the observed difference is large enough to conclude that it is probably not due to chance factors. |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
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