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Glossary
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more common terms and concepts.

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Term Definition
Confidence interval
A confidence interval identifies a range of values that includes the true population value of a particular characteristic at a specified probability level (usually 95%).
 
Confidence Levels and Confidence Interva
a range of values around the point estimate (a statistic value) for a population that express the degree we are confident that the point estimate accurately reflects the population parameter e.g. common confidence 90%, 95%,and 99% and one would say that we are 95% confident that the population mean lies between plus or minus 7.5% points of the observed statistic value.
 
Confounding variabel
A variable, other than the variable(s) under investigation, which is not controlled for and which may distort the results of experimental research.
 
ConnotationThe deep and cultural meaning of a word ('tree' as 'strength', 'oak' as 'Englishness').
 
Constant comparative method
A procedure used during grounded theory research whereby newly gathered data are continually compared with previously collected data in order to refine the development of theoretical categories.
 
Construct (noun)
A variable in a theory. Sometimes carries the connotation of something that cannot be observed directly, or which we suppose to exist but has not been measured yet. Similar in this sense to a latent variable. Intelligence is a construct that is used to explain competence.
 
Construct validityrefers to the degree to which a research instrument measures a theoretical concept (or construct) under investigation.
 


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