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Glossary
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more common terms and concepts.

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Term Definition
External validity
refers to the degree to which the results of a study are generalisable beyond the immediate study sample and setting to other samples and settings.
 
Extraneous variable
A variable that interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and which therefore needs to be controlled for in some way.
 
Face validityThe extent to which a measuring instrument appears to others to be measuring what it claims to measure.
 
Facts 
Things that can be proven. Things held as unshakable truth. Not Values.
 
Falsifiability
In the context of theory construction, is the property of a theory to possibily be shown false. There are several ways to be non-falsifiable. One is to be circular (tautological). For example, to explain why people do dumb things, you could theorize that it is because they are dumb. If you then define dumb as a person who does dumb things, the theory is circular. Another way is to appeal to things that can't be measured. For example, to explain why people go to the movies, we could theorize that they want to. But there is no way to measure whether they want to that would avoid circularity.
 
FalsificationPopper's notion that you can only prove something to be true by failing to falsify it.
 
Felcific calculusPeople choose based on optimum utility.
 


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