Glossary | |
| These is glossary of research key terms. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Statistic | 1. A statistic generally refers to a summary value calculated from a sample. For example, we might compute the average age of all respondents. The term contrasts with population parameter. 2. An estimate of a parameter calculated from a set of data gathered from a sample. 3. number value that represents a summary characteristic of a sample drawn from a population. It is a point estimate of the parameter value for the population. Statistics are usually designated by roman letters (e.g. the mean weight of a sample `X = 135lbs). |
| Statistical analysis | Most statistical analysis is based on the principle of gathering data from a sample of individuals and using those data to make inferences about the wider population from which the sample was drawn. |
| Statistical inference | 1. A procedure using the laws of probability to infer the attributes of a population based on information gathered from a sample. 2. the process of making generalizations about the population from sample data. |
| Statistical significance | 1. A term used to indicate whether the results of an analysis of data drawn from a sample are unlikely to have been cause by chance at a specified level of probability (usually 0.05 or 0.01). 2. the observed difference is large enough to conclude that it is probably not due to chance factors. |
| Statistical test | A statistical procedure that allows a researcher to determine the probability that the results obtained from a sample reflect true parameters of the underlying population. |
| Stratified Sampling | A sample in which each element in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample. |
| Structured interview | The interviewer asks the respondents the same questions using an interview schedule - a formal instrument that specifies the precise wording and ordering of all the questions to be asked of each respondent. |
| Structured observation | The researcher determines at the outset precisely what behaviours are to be observed and typically uses a standardised checklist to record the frequency with which those behaviours are observed over a specified time period. |
| Studi lapangan | Merupakan desain penelitian yang mengombinasikan antara pencarian literature (Literature Study), survei berdasarkan pengalaman dan / atau studi kasus dimana peneliti berusaha mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel penting dan hubungan antar variabel tersebut dalam suatu situasi permasalahan tertentu. Studi lapangan umumnya digunakan sebagai sarana penelitian lebih lanjut dan mendalam.
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| Subject-Object problem | The problem that in trying to study people as separate subjects, we need to be detached and objective. Sometimes (maybe all times) it is difficult to do this. |
| Subjects | A term most often used in positivist research to describe those who participate in research and provide the data. |
| Substantive significance | the observed difference is large enough to be considered important. |
| Survey | a research method using standardized questionnaires or interviews to gather data. |
| Survey research | A research approach designed to collect systematically descriptions of existing phenomena in order to describe or explain what is going on; data are obtained through direct questioning of a sample of respondents. |
| Synthetic statements | Statements which require evidence to prove them true. e.g. Roses are fragrant. (vs. analytic statements) |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
Tahukan Anda...
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Sosiolinguistik adalah kajian interdisipliner yang mempelajari pengaruh budaya terhadap cara suatu bahasa digunakan. Dalam hal ini bahasa berhubungan erat dengan masyarakat suatu wilayah sebagai subyek atau pelaku berbahasa sebagai alat komunikasi dan interaksi antara kelompok yang satu dengan yang lain. |