Glossary
Glossary | |
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to
professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research
somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms
that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more
common terms and concepts. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Null hypothesis | 1. A statement that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables and that any relationship observed is due to chance or fluctuations in sampling. 2. The null hypothesis for chi square is that the two variables are unrelated to each other. |
| Null hypothesis(H0) | a statistical test/research hypothesis that is a statement that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the population. The research goal is to reject the null and thus lend support to (not "prove") the alternative hypothesis. An example of a null hypothes is "there is no relationship between crime and population density." |
| Objective knowledge | Knowledge that is separate from what it describes. This independence gives it truth. |
| Observation | A method of data collection in which data are gathered through visual observations. |
| Observed frequencies | For chi square, the number of cases actually observed in a particular cell of the table. |
| One-tailed test | Used by a researcher when testing a directional (or one-tailed) hypothesis, this type of test of statistical significance uses only one tail of an underlying distribution of scores/values to determine significance. |
| Open system | Open systems have all parts are interconnected and have no boundaries (thus there is only one open system). Changing one part may thus affect any other part of the system. Relationships and linkages are important. Idealists see the world as an open system and Positivist attempts to create closed systems as futile and misleading. |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
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