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Glossary
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more common terms and concepts.

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Term Definition
Validity
In research terms, validity refers to the accuracy and truth of the data and findings that are produced. It refers to the concepts that are being investigated; the people or objects that are being studied; the methods by which data are collected; and the findings that are produced. There are several different types of validity.
 
Values
1. Personal and social rules. Associated with emotions. Not facts. 2. describe the degree or type of a variable property that is possessed e.g. for the variable sex the values would be male or female and for the variable weight a number describing the weight e.g. 150 lbs.
 
Variable
1. An attribute or characteristics of a person or an object that takes on different values (i.e. that varies) within the population under investigation (e.g. age, weight, pulse rate). 2. a condition that changes, a property of interest, the basis on which values or attributes are assigned to members of the population e.g., sex, height, weight, income. 3. trait or characteristic that may change from case to case.
 
Variables
1. Characteristics, attributes, or qualities of cases. For example, if the cases are persons, the variables could be sex, age, height, weight, feeling of empowerment, math ability, etc. 2. Anything we measure. 3. Constructs in a theory.
 
Variance
1. A measure of dispersion or variability (spread), calculated by squaring the value of the standard deviation. 2. (Interval/ratio level), a measure of dispersion of the data around the mean, mathematically the variance is the average squared deviation from the mean. For example the variance for the age of an adult sample could be 625.
 
Verification
Testing explanations to prove truth under various circumstances. aka. Justification and Confirmation (see also Falsification)
 
Voluntarism
The causes of phenomena are in the actions of individuals and groups. A thing is the sum of its parts. The economy is sum of firms and households.  (vs. Determinism)
 


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