Glossary | |
| These is glossary of research key terms. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Correlation coefficient | A measure of the degree of relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient lies between +1.0 (indicating a perfect positive relationship), through 0 (indicating no relationship between two variables) to -1.0 (a perfect negative relationship). |
| Cramer's V | Measure of association appropriate when one or both of the variables consists of unordered categories. |
| Credibility | with its connotations of 'truth', credibility can be compared with internal validity in positivist research. A study's credibility is said to be confirmed when the reader recognises the situation described by a research study as closely related to their own experience (sometimes referred to as confirmability). |
| Criterion-related validity | Requires the researcher to identify a relevant criterion or 'gold standard', which is itself reliable and valid, to provide an independent check of the new measure (i.e. to compare the results from a well-established and a new measuring instrument). |
| Cross-Sectional Study | 1. A cross-sectional study is where we collect data only once from each unit of analysis. For example, if we want to examine the effects of age on attitude towards abortion, we collect attitude data from people of all ages, then see if there is a correlation between age and attitude. This is the opposite of a longitudinal study, where you take a set of young people, then measuring their attitude towards abortion every few years as they get older. 2. a study that includes data gathered at one point in time. |
| Crosstabulation | Table showing the number of cases in each combination of categories of the column and row variables (same as contingency table). |
| Data | 1. The outcome of measurement. The set of values or codes that record what was observed, such as the blood pressure of 100 people. 2. information organized for analysis. (It is a plural noun. Although it is often used with a singular construction in casual speech, the singular is datum). 3. Values, numerical or symbolic, that represent observations for a variable. |
| Data Primer | Berdasarkan pendapat Umar (1999: 43). menyatakan bahwa data primer merupakan data yang didapat dari sumber pertama baik individu atau perorangan seperti hasil dari hasil pengisian kuesioner yang biasa dilakukan oleh peneliti. Data primer dalam penelitian ini merupakan data yang diperoleh secara langsung dari jawaban responden melalui penyebaran kuesioner. |
| Data saturation | The point at which data collection can cease. This point of closure is arrived at when the information that is being shared with the researcher becomes repetitive and contains no new ideas, so the researcher can be reasonably confident that the inclusion of additional participants is unlikely to generate any new ideas. (Sometimes simply referred to as saturation.) |
| Data Sekunder | Menurut pendapat Umar (1999:43), menyatakan bahwa data sekunder adalah data primer yang telah diolah lebih lanjut dan disajikan, baik oleh pengumpul data primer atau pihak lain Jadi data sekunder merupakan data yang secara tidak langsung berhubungan dengan responden yang diselidiki dan merupakan pendukung bagi penelitian yang dilakukan.
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| Data set | The collection of all data for a sample or population, may include commands making it a "system file" or SPSS "save file." An example is the dataset with computer description commands used for this module CJQLSAV. |
| Deductive reasoning | 1. A logical process of developing specific predictions (hypotheses) from general principles. This type of reasoning moves from the general to the particular. 2. a logical process of developing specific hypothesis from a general principal or "theory". For example from the general statement "Birds of a feather flock together" we could hypothesize "hummingbirds will fly about in groups," or for criminal behavior "those juveniles associating with juvenile delinquents have a high probability of becoming juvenile delinquents." |
| Denotation | The simple meaning of a word ('tree' as a large plant). |
| Dependability | The dependability of a study is evaluated if it meets the associated criterion of auditability. Auditability is achieved when a researcher provides a sufficiently clear account of the research process to allow others to follow the researcher's thinking and conclusions about the data and thus assess whether the findings are dependable. |
| Dependent variable | 1. In experimental research, the dependent variable is the variable presumed within the research hypothesis to depend on (be caused by) another variable (the independent variable); it is sometimes referred to as the outcome variable. 2. a variable that is hypothesized to be caused by, or depend on, another variable, the independent variable. e.g. in a hypothesized relationship between gender and income, income is a dependent variable in that it occurs after gender occurs and is thought to be determined or caused to some extent by the gender of a person. |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
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Disciplines discipline knowledge: (1) making claims liable for adjudication, (2) producing expertise, and (3) defining truth. (Robert Frodeman and Carl Mitcham) |