Glossary | |
| These is glossary of research key terms. | |
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| Term | Definition |
| Naturalism | The idea that principles of the natural sciences should be used for social research. |
| Naturalistic paradigm | This paradigm assumes that there are multiple interpretations of reality and that the goal of researchers working within this perspective is to understand how individuals construct their own reality within their social context. |
| Negative correlation | A relationship between two variables where higher values on one variable tend to be associated with lower values on the second variable; sometimes referred to as an inverse relationship (e.g. age of non-vintage cars and their market value). |
| Negative Relationship | a relationship is which large values of one variable tend to go with small values of the other variable. |
| Nominal scale | the lowest level of measurement that involves assigning characteristics into categories which are mutually exclusive, but which lack any intrinsic order (e.g. classification by gender or by the colour of a person's hair or eyes) |
| Nominalism | Scientifically valid words have fixed and absolute meanings. To define a word is to fix meaning. The existence of a word does not imply the existence of what it describes. |
| Nomothetic | Constructing generalized models and laws (like universalism). |
| Non-directional hypothesis | A hypothesis that does not specify the nature and direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. |
| Non-Probability Sampling | Any sampling scheme in which the probability of a population element being chosen is unknown. There are four basic kinds: haphazard, quota, judgement, and snowball. |
| Nonparametric statistics | Statistical tests that can be used to analyse nominal or ordinal data; they involve fewer rigorous assumptions about the underlying distribution of variables. |
| Nonprobability sample | Type of sample in which every case in the population does not have a known chance of selection. |
| Nonsampling error | Sources of error other than sampling error. |
| Nonsignificant result | The result of a statistical test which indicates that the outcome of an experimental research study could have occurred through random variation (or chance) at a specified level of significance, rather than as a result of manipulation of the independent variable. |
| Normal science | Scientific research that supports and does not challenge existing paradigms. |
| Noumena | Things that exist beyond our cognitive experiences. 'Things-in-themselves'. |
| Glossary V2.0 | |
Tahukan Anda...
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Raja Viking Harald Bluetooth menyatukan Norwegia dan Denmark; dia tersohor sebagai pembicara hebat; terampil untuk menyatukan orang untuk saling berbicara- tapi ia tidak pernah menduga bahwa ribuah tahun kemudian, suatu teknologi dahsyat akan menggunakan namanya! |