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Glossary
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more common terms and concepts.

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Term Definition
Ratio measure
A level of measurement that is characterized by being isomorphic with math as well as having a natural zero point. Ratio measures mathematically are isomorphic to arithmetic, meet all assumptions of arithmetic. Statistical functions appropriate include all functions of nominal, ordinal, interval measures as well as natural zero point based techniques. An example of a statistical technique for this level of measurement is the Geometric mean. Examples of ratio measures include weight, population density, age, income).
 
Ratio scale
Scores are assigned on a scale with equal intervals and also a true zero point (e.g. measurement in yards, feet and inches or in metres and centimetres).
 
Rational Choice Theory
All social phenomena as sum of individual choices (and nothing else). People make rational, optimal choices.
 
RationalismTruth can be best discovered through reason and rational thought.
 
ReactivityThe ways in which the process of asking people questions affects their answers to other questions.
 
RealismThings exist, whether or not people are thinking of them.
 
Recode
Classification of a variable's attributes into a smaller number of discrete categories for presentation or in order to test and observe the results of the new classification. An example is the classification of educational achievement into grade 1-12 as category (1) and more then 12 years as category (2). This would allow one to more easily examine data and see if a high school degree made a significant difference. Other examples of recoding include classification of crime rates into (1) High, (2) Medium, and (3) Low.
 


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