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Glossary
These is glossary of research key terms. This glossary is intended as an aid to professionals and non-professionals who find the world of research somewhat intimidating. While it is impossible to cover all the terms that can be confusing, this document briefly defines some of the more common terms and concepts.

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p value
p is the symbol for the probability that is associated with the outcome of a test of the null hypothesis (i.e. it is the probability that an observed inferential statistic occurred through chance variation). If the p value is less than or equal to the stated significance level - often set at 5% (p < 0.05) or 1% (p < 0.01) - then the researcher concludes that the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance and are more likely to have occurred because of the manipulation of the independent variable; the results are said to be 'statistically significant'. If the p value is greater than the significance level, the researcher concludes that the results are likely to have occurred by chance variation, and the results are said to be 'nonsignificant'.
 


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